This study synthesized and assessed the properties of bimetallic (Fe/Cd) and trimetallic (Fe/Cd/Cu) nanoparticles using grape leaf extract as a green antioxidant. replacing synthetic chemicals. These nanoparticles were immobilized on glass granules to form G-Fe/Cd and G-Fe/Cd/Cu nanocomposites. They were also evaluated for their effectiveness in extracting Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. https://www.popularfilm.blog/